Vinesnake - Erik Enderson Photography

Checklist of the Amphibians and Reptiles of Sonora, Mexico


Click the links within the checklist to view one or more photographs of the taxon. Recent synonyms are listed in brackets below current taxon where deemed useful. For more information, see Enderson et. al 2009.

Taxon

English Common Name

CAUDATA
  Ambystomatidae
    Ambystoma rosaceum Taylor, 1941 Tarahumara Salamander
    Ambystoma mavortium Baird, 1850 Barred Tiger Salamander
  Plethodontidae
     Pseudoeurycea bellii  (Gray, 1850) Bell's Salamander
ANURA
  Bufonidae
    Anaxyrus cognatus  (Say, 1823) Great Plains Toad
        [Bufo cognatus]
     Anaxyrus debilis (Girard, 1854) Green Toad
        [Bufo debilis]
    Anaxyrus kelloggi  (Taylor, 1938) Little Mexican Toad
        [Bufo kelloggi]
     Anaxyrus mexicanus  (Brocchi, 1879) Mexican Madre Toad
        [Bufo mexicanus]
    Anaxyrus punctatus  (Baird and Girard, 1852) Red-spotted Toad
        [Bufo punctatus]
    Anaxyrus retiformis  (Sanders and Smith, 1951) Sonoran Green Toad
        [Bufo retiformis]
    Anaxyrus woodhousii  (Girard, 1854) Woodhouse’s Toad
        [Bufo woodhousii]
    Ollotis alvaria (Girard in Baird, 1859) Sonoran Desert Toad
        [Bufo alvarius]
    Ollotis mazatlanensis  (Taylor, 1940) Sinaloa Toad
        [Bufo mazatlanensis]
    Ollotis occidentalis (Camerano, 1879) Pine Toad
        [Bufo occidentalis]
    Rhinella marina (Linnaeus, 1758) Cane Toad
        [Bufo marinus]
Brachycephalidae
    Craugastor augusti (Dugčs in Brocchi, 1879) Barking Frog
        [Eleutherodactylus augusti]
    Craugastor occidentalis (Taylor, 1941) Taylor's Barking Frog
        [Eleutherodactylus occidentalis]
    Craugastor tarahumaraensis (Taylor, 1940) Tarahumara Barking Frog
        [Eleutherodactylus tarahumaraensis ]
    Eleutherodactylus interorbitalis (Langebartel and Shannon, 1956) Spectacled Chirping Frog
        [Syrrhophus interorbitalis]
Hylidae
     Hyla arenicolor Cope, 1866 Canyon Treefrog
     Hyla wrightorum Taylor, 1939 Mountain Treefrog
     Pachymedusa dacnicolor  (Cope, 1864) Mexican Leaf Frog
     Smilisca baudinii  (Duméril and Bibron, 1841) Mexican Tree Frog
     Smilisca fodiens  (Boulenger, 1882) Lowland Burrowing Treefrog
        [Pternohyla fodiens]
    Tlalocohyla smithii (Boulenger, 1902) Dwarf Mexican Treefrog
        [Hyla smithii]
Leptodactylidae
     Leptodactylus melanonotus (Hallowell, 1861) Sabinal Frog
Microhylidae
     Gastrophryne olivacea (Hallowell, 1856) Great Plains Narrow-mouthed Toad
     Hypopachus variolosus (Cope, 1866) Sheep Frog
Pelobatidae
     Scaphiopus couchii Baird, 1854 Couch’s Spadefoot
     Spea multiplicata (Cope, 1863) Mexican Spadefoot
Ranidae
     Lithobates chiricahuensis (Platz and Mecham, 1979) Chiricahua Leopard Frog
        [Rana chiricahuensis]
     Lithobates forreri (Boulenger, 1883) Forrer’s Leopard Frog
        [Rana forreri]
     Lithobates magnaocularis (Frost and Bagnara, 1974) Northwest Mexico Leopard Frog
        [Rana magnaocularis]
     Lithobates pustulosus (Boulenger, 1883) White-striped Frog
        [Rana pustulosua]
     Lithobates tarahumarae (Boulenger, 1917) Tarahumara Frog 
        [Rana tarahumarae]
     Lithobates yavapaiensis (Platz and Frost, 1984) Lowland Leopard Frog
        [Rana yavapaiensis]
CROCODILIA
Crocodylidae
     Crocodylus acutus Cuvier, 1807 *extirpated American Crocodile
TESTUNDINATA
Cheloniidae
     Caretta caretta (Linnaeus, 1758) Loggerhead Sea Turtle
     Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus, 1758) Green Sea Turtle
     Eretmochelys imbricata (Linnaeus, 1766) Hawksbill Sea Turtle
     Lepidochelys olivacea (Eschscholtz, 1829) Olive Ridley Sea Turtle
Dermochylidae
     Dermochelys coriacea (Vandelli, 1761) Leatherback Sea Turtle
Emydidae
     Terrapene nelsoni Stejneger, 1925 Spotted Box Turtle
     Terrapene ornata (Agassiz, 1857) Ornate Box Turtle
     Trachemys gaigeae (Hartweg, 1939) Mexican Plateau Slider
     Trachemys nebulosa (Van Denburgh, 1895) Baja California Slider
     Trachemys yaquia Legler & Webb, 1979 Yaqui Slider
Geoemydidae
     Rhinoclemmys pulcherrima (Gray, 1856) Painted Wood Turtle
Kinosternidae
     Kinosternon alamosae Berry and Legler, 1980 Alamos Mud Turtle
     Kinosternon arizonense Gilmore, 1922 Arizona Mud Turtle
        [Kinosternon flavescens arizonense]
     Kinosternon integrum LeConte, 1854 Mexican Mud Turtle
     Kinosternon sonoriense LeConte, 1854 Sonoran Mud Turtle
Testudinidae
     Gopherus agassizii (Cooper, 1863) Desert Tortoise
SAURIA
Anguidae
     Elgaria kingii Gray, 1838 Madrean Alligator Lizard
Crotaphytidae
     Crotaphytus collaris (Say, 1823) Eastern Collared Lizard
     Crotaphytus dickersonae Schmidt, 1922 Sonoran Collared Lizard
     Crotaphytus nebrius Axtell and Montanucci, 1977 Sonoran Collared Lizard
     Gambelia wislizenii (Baird and Girard, 1852) Long-nosed Leopard Lizard
Eublepharidae
     Coleonyx fasciatus (Boulenger, 1885) Black Banded Gecko
     Coleonyx variegatus (Baird, 1859) Western Banded Gecko
Gekkonidae
     Phyllodactylus homolepidurus Smith, 1935 Sonoran Leaf-toed Gecko
     Phyllodactylus nocticolus Dixon, 1964 Peninsular Leaf-toed Gecko
     Phyllodactylus tuberculosus Wiegmann, 1835 Yellowbelly Gecko
Helodermatidae
     Heloderma horridum (Wiegmann, 1829) Beaded Lizard
     Heloderma suspectum Cope, 1869 Gila Monster
Iguanidae
     Ctenosaura conspicuosa Dickerson, 1919 Isla San Esteban Spiny-tailed Iguana
        [Ctenosaura hemilopha conspicuosa]
     Ctenosaura macrolopha Smith, 1972 Sonoran Spiny-tailed Iguana
        [Ctenosaura hemilopha macrolopha]
     Ctenosaura nolascensis Smith, 1972 Isla San Pedro Nolasco Spiny-tailed Iguana
        [Ctenosaura hemilopha nolascensis]
     Dipsosaurus dorsalis Baird and Girard, 1852 Desert Iguana
     Sauromalus ater Dumeril, 1856 Common Chuckwalla
        [Sauromalus obesus]
     Sauromalus hispidus Stejneger, 1891 Spiny Chuckwalla
     Sauromalus varius Dickerson, 1919 Piebald Chuckwalla
Phrynosomatidae
     Callisaurus draconoides Blainville, 1835 Zebra-tailed Lizard
     Cophosaurus texanus Troschel, 1852 Greater Earless Lizard
     Holbrookia elegans Bocourt, 1874 Elegant Earless Lizard
     Holbrookia maculata Girard, 1851 Common Lesser Earless Lizard
     Phrynosoma cornutum (Harlan, 1825) Texas Horned Lizard
     Phrynosoma ditmarsi Stejneger, 1906 Rock Horned Lizard
     Phrynosoma goodei Stejneger, 1893 Goode’s Horned Lizard
        [Phrynosoma platyrhinos goodei]
     Phrynosoma hernandesi Girard, 1858 Greater Short-horned Lizard
    Phrynosoma mcallii (Hallowell, 1852) Flat-tailed Horned Lizard
     Phrynosoma modestum Girard, 1852 Round-tailed Horned Lizard
     Phrynosoma orbiculare (Linnaeus 1789) Mountain Horned Lizard
     Phrynosoma solare Gray, 1845 Regal Horned Lizard
     Sceloporus albiventris Smith, 1939 Whitebelly Spiny Lizard
        [Sceloporus horridus]
     Sceloporus clarkii Baird and Girard, 1852 Clark’s Spiny Lizard
     Sceloporus cowlesi Lowe and Norris, 1956 Southwestern Fence Lizard
        [Sceloporus undulatus consobrinus]
     Sceloporus jarrovii Cope in Yarrow, 1875 Yarrow’s Spiny Lizard
     Sceloporus lemosespinali Lara-Gongora, 2004 Lemos-Espinal's Spiny Lizard
        [Sceloporus grammicus]
     Sceloporus magister Hallowell, 1854 Desert Spiny Lizard
     Sceloporus nelsoni Cochran, 1923 Nelson's Spiny Lizard
     Sceloporus poinsettii Baird and Girard, 1852 Crevice Spiny Lizard
     Sceloporus slevini Smith, 1937 Slevin’s Bunchgrass Lizard
        [Sceloporus scalaris]
     Sceloporus virgatus Smith, 1938 Striped Plateau Lizard
     Uma rufopunctata Cope, 1895 Yuman Desert Fringe-toed Lizard
        [Uma notata rufopunctata]
     Urosaurus bicarinatus (Duméril, 1856) Tropical Tree Lizard
     Urosaurus graciosus Hallowell, 1854 Long-tailed Brush-lizard
     Urosaurus ornatus (Baird and Girard, 1852) Ornate Tree Lizard
     Uta nolascensis Van Denburgh and Slevin, 1921 Isla San Pedro Nolasco Side-blotched Lizard
     Uta palmeri Stejneger, 1890 Isla San Pedro Mártir Side-blotched Lizard
     Uta stansburiana Baird and Girard, 1852 Common Side-blotched Lizard
Polychrotidae
     Anolis nebulosus (Wiegmann, 1834) Clouded Anole
Scincidae
     Plestiodon callicephalus (Bocourt, 1879) Mountain Skink 
        [Eumeces callicephalus]
     Plestiodon obsoletus (Baird and Girard, 1852) Great Plains Skink
        [Eumeces obsoletus]
     Plestiodon parviauriculatus (Taylor, 1933) Northern Pigmy Skink
        [Eumeces parviauriculatus]
Teiidae
     Aspidoscelis bacata (Van Denburgh and Slevin, 1921) Isla San Pedro Nolasco Whiptail
        [Cnemidophorus bacatus]
     Aspidoscelis burti (Taylor, 1938) Canyon Spotted Whiptail
        [Cnemidophorus burti]
     Aspidoscelis costata (Cope, 1878) Western Mexico Whiptail
        [Cnemidophorus costatus]
     Aspidoscelis estebanensis (Dickerson, 1919) San Esteban Whiptail
        [Cnemidophorus estebanensis]
     Aspidoscelis exsanguis (Lowe, 1956) Chihuahuan Spotted Whiptail
        [Cnemidophorus exsanguis]
     Aspidoscelis martyris (Stejneger, 1892) Isla San Pedro Mártir Whiptail
        [Cnemidophorus martyris]
        [Cnemidophorus neomexicanus]
     Aspidoscelis opatae (Wright, 1967) Opata Whiptail
        [Cnemidophorus opatae]
     Aspidoscelis sonorae (Lowe and Wright, 1964) Sonoran Spotted Whiptail
        [Cnemidophorus sonorae]
     Aspidoscelis tigris  (Baird and Girard, 1852) Tiger Whiptail 
        [Cnemidophorus tigris]
     Aspidoscelis uniparens (Wright and Lowe, 1965) Desert Grassland Whiptail
        [Cnemidophorus uniparens]
     Aspidoscelis xanthonota (Duellman and Lowe 1953) Red-backed Whiptail
Xantusiidae
     Xantusia jaycolei Bezy, Bezy, and Bolles, 2009 Cole's Night Lizard
        [Xantusia vigilis]
SERPENTES
Boidae
     Boa constrictor Linnaeus, 1758 Boa Constrictor
     Lichanura trivirgata (Cope, 1861) Rosy Boa
Colubridae
     Arizona elegans Kennicott 1859 Glossy Snake
     Chilomeniscus stramineus Cope, 1861 Variable Sand Snake
        [Chilomeniscus cinctus]
     Chionactis occipitalis (Hallowell, 1854) Western Shovel-nosed Snake
     Chionactis palarostris (Klauber, 1937) Sonoran Shovel-nosed Snake 
        [Masticophis barbouri]
     Coluber bilineatus (Jan, 1863) Sonoran Whipsnake
        [Masticophis bilineatus]
     Coluber flagellum Shaw, 1802 Coachwhip
        [Masticophis flagellum]
     Coluber mentovarius (Duméril, Bibron and Duméril 1854) Neotropical Whipsnake
        [Masticophis mentovarius]
     Coluber slevini (Lowe and Norris, 1953) Isla San Esteban Whipsnake
        [Masticophis slevini]
     Diadophis punctatus (Linnaeus, 1766) Ring-necked Snake
     Drymarchon melanurus (Duméril, Bibron and Duméril, 1854) Central American Indigo Snake
     Drymobius margaritiferus (Schlegel, 1837) Speckled Racer
     Geophis dugesii  Bocourt, 1 883 Duges' Earth Snake
     Gyalopion canum Cope, 1860 Chihuahuan Hook-nosed Snake
     Gyalopion quadrangulare (Günther, 1893) Thornscrub Hook-nosed Snake
     Heterodon kennerlyi Kennicott, 1860 Mexican Hog-nosed Snake
     Hypsiglena chlorophaea Cope, 1860 Desert Nightsnake
        [Hypsiglena torquata chlorophaea]
     Imantodes gemmistratus Cope, 1861 Central American Tree Snake
     Lampropeltis getula (Linnaeus, 1766) Common Kingsnake
     Lampropeltis knoblochi Taylor, 1940 Chihuahuan Mountain Kingsnake
        [Lampropeltis pyromelana knoblochi]
     Lampropeltis pyromelana (Cope, 1867) Sonoran Mountain Kingsnake
     Lampropeltis triangulum (Lacépčde, 1789) Milksnake  
     Leptodeira punctata (Peters, 1867) Western Cat-eyed Snake
     Leptodeira splendida Günther, 1895 Splendid Cat-eyed Snake
     Leptophis diplotropis (Günther, 1872) Pacific Coast Parrot Snake
     Mastigodryas cliftoni (Hardy, 1964) Clifton's Lizard Eater
        [Dryadophis cliftoni]
     Oxybelis aeneus (Wagler, 1824) Brown Vine Snake 
     Phyllorhynchus browni Stejneger, 1890 Saddled Leaf-nosed Snake
     Phyllorhynchus decurtatus (Cope, 1868) Spotted Leaf-nosed Snake
     Pituophis catenifer (Blainville, 1835) Gophersnake
     Pituophis deppei (Duméril 1853) Mexican Bullsnake
     Procinura aemula Cope, 1879 File-tailed Ground Snake
        [Sonora aemula]
     Pseudoficimia frontalis (Cope, 1864) False Ficimia
     Rhinocheilus lecontei Baird and Girard, 1853 Long-nosed Snake
     Salvadora bairdii Jan, 1860 in Jan & Sordelli, 1860-1866 Baird's Patch-nosed Snake
     Salvadora grahamiae Baird and Girard, 1853 Eastern Patch-nosed Snake
     Salvadora hexalepis (Cope, 1866) Western Patch-nosed Snake
     Senticolis triaspis (Cope, 1866) Green Ratsnake
     Sonora semiannulata Baird and Girard, 1853 Western Groundsnake
     Storeria storerioides (Cope, 1865) Mexican Brownsnake
     Sympholis lippiens Cope, 1862 Mexican Short-tailed Snake
     Tantilla hobartsmithi Taylor, 1937 Smith’s Black-headed Snake
     Tantilla nigriceps Kennicott, 1860 Plains Black-headed Snake
     Tantilla wilcoxi Stejneger, 1902 Chihuahuan Black-headed Snake
     Tantilla yaquia Smith, 1942 Yaqui Black-headed Snake
     Thamnophis cyrtopsis (Kennicott, 1860) Black-necked Gartersnake
     Thamnophis eques (Reuss, 1834) Mexican Gartersnake
     Thamnophis marcianus (Baird and Girard, 1853) Checkered Gartersnake
     Thamnophis melanogaster Peters, 1864 Mexican Black-bellied Gartersnake
     Thamnophis rufipunctatus (Cope, 1875) Narrow-headed Gartersnake
     Thamnophis validus (Kennicott, 1860) Mexican West Coast Gartersnake
     Trimorphodon lambda (Duméril, Bibron and Duméril 1854) Western Lyre Snake
     Trimorphodon tau Cope, 1870 Mexican Lyre Snake
     Tropidodipsas  repleta Smith, Lemos-Espinal,  Hartman and Chiszar 2005
Hydrophiidae
     Pelamis platurus (Linnaeus, 1766) Yellow-bellied Seasnake
Elapidae
     Micruroides euryxanthus (Kennicott, 1860) Sonoran Coral Snake
     Micrurus distans (Kennicott, 1860) West Mexican Coral Snake
Leptotyphlopidae
     Leptotyphlops humilis (Baird and Girard, 1853) Western Threadsnake
Viperidae
     Agkistrodon bilineatus Günther, 1863 Cantíl
     Crotalus atrox Baird and Girard, 1853 Western Diamond-backed Rattlesnake
     Crotalus basiliscus (Cope, 1864) Mexican West Coast Rattlesnake
     Crotalus cerastes Hallowell, 1854 Sidewinder
     Crotalus estebanensis Klauber, 1949 Isla San Esteban Black-tailed Rattlesnake
     Crotalus lepidus (Kennicott, 1861) Rock Rattlesnake 
     Crotalus mitchellii (Cope, 1861) Speckled Rattlesnake
     Crotalus molossus Baird and Girard, 1853 Black-tailed Rattlesnake
     Crotalus scutulatus (Kennicott, 1861) Mohave Rattlesnake
     Crotalus pricei Van Denburgh, 1895 Twin-spotted Rattlesnake
     Crotalus tigris Kennicott in Baird, 1859 Tiger Rattlesnake
     Crotalus viridis (Rafinesque, 1818) Prairie Rattlesnake
     Crotalus willardi Meek, 1905 Ridge-nosed Rattlesnake

Introduced species

     Lithobates berlandieri (Baird, 1854) Rio Grande Leopard Frog
        [Rana berlandieri]
     Lithobates catesbeianus (Shaw, 1802) American Bullfrog
        [Rana catesbeiana]
     Hemidactylus frenatus Duméril and Bibron, 1836 Common House Gecko
     Hemidactylus turcicus (Linnaeus, 1758) Mediterranean House Gecko
     Ramphotyphlops braminus (Daudin, 1803) Brahminy Blind Snake
   

Species of Possible Occurrence

 
Salamanders  
     Ambystoma velasci Dugčs, 1888 Plateau Tiger Salamander
         [Ambystoma tigrinum velasci]
Frogs and Toads  
     Craugastor vocalis Taylor, 1940 Taylor's Stream Frog
        [Eleutherodactylus vocalis]
     Ollotis marmorea (Wiegmann, 1833) Marbled Toad
         [Bufo marmoreus]
     Spea bombifrons (Cope, 1863) Plains Spadefoot
     Gastrophryne usta (Cope, 1866) Two-spaded Narrowmouth Toad
     Lithobates blairi (Mecham, Littlejohn, Oldham, Brown, and Brown, 1973) Plains Leopard Frog
         [Rana blairi]
     Xenopus laevis (Daudin, 1802) African Clawed Frog
Turtles
     Kinosternon flavescens (Agassiz, 1857) Yellow Mud Turtle
     Kinosternon hirtipes (Wagler, 1930) Mexican Roughfoot Mud Turtle
Lizards
     Aspidoscelis arizonae Van Denburgh, 1896 Arizona Striped Whiptail
         [Cnemidophorus inornatus arizonae]
     Barisia levicollis Stejneger, 1890 Chihuahua Alligator Lizard
     Plestiodon brevirostris (Gunther, 1860) Shortnose Skink
         [Eumeces brevirostris]
     Sceloporus bimaculosus Phelan and Brattstrom, 1955 Twin-spotted Spiny Lizard
         [Sceloporus magister bimaculosus]
     Xantusia vigilis Baird, 1859 “1858” Desert Night Lizard
Snakes
     Coluber taeniatus (Hallowell, 1852) Striped Whipsnake
         [Masticophis taeniatus]
     Conopsis nasus Günther, 1858 Largenose Earth Snake
     Hypsiglena torquata (Günther, 1860) Nightsnake
     Leptotyphlops dissectus (Cope, 1896) New Mexico Threadsnake
         [Leptotyphlops dulcis dissectus]
     Opheodrys vernalis (Harlan, 1827) Smooth Greensnake
     Sistrurus catenatus (Rafinesque, 1818) Massasauga
     Thamnophis elegans (Baird and Girard, 1853) Terrestrial Gartersnake
     Thamnophis sirtalis (Linnaeus, 1758) Common Gartersnake
     Trimorphodon vilkinsonii Cope, 1886 Chihuahuan Desert Lyresnake
          [Trimorphodon biscutatus vilkinsonii]

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